The Rockefeller Foundation, 420 Fifth Avenue New York - century-old US private foundation working on health, food, energy access and economic opportunity, with a substantial innovative-finance practice alongside grantmaking (it co-founded GEAPP). Endowment of roughly US$6bn funds all activity; also makes programme-related investments and convenes at the Bellagio Center. Ticket size not published. Application route: no unsolicited route - grants originate with a Program Officer who invites a proposal, after which invited applicants use the Grantee Portal; the only cold channel is the web form at rockefellerfoundation.org/about-us/contact (topic 'Grant information'). RED FLAG: explicitly asks that proposals and LOIs not be sent by mail or email unless requested by staff. EMAIL RESEARCHED, NONE PUBLISHED - web form only; no phone on the contact page. Contact is Head of Asia & Senior Vice President per her title; organisation HQ recorded above is New York.

Gates Foundation, Seattle - world's largest private philanthropy, CEO Mark Suzman, chair Bill Gates; offices Seattle, Washington DC, Delhi, Beijing, Singapore, London, Berlin, Addis Ababa, Abuja, Dakar, Johannesburg, Nairobi; 2,215 staff. US$8.5bn charitable support in 2025 against an US$89bn Foundation Trust endowment; committed to a ~US$9bn annual payout and full closure by 2045. Deploys grants plus equity, debt and guarantees via its Strategic Investment Fund. Ticket size not published. Application route: largely by invitation; open RFPs posted at submit.gatesfoundation.org and Grand Challenges opportunities at gcgh.grandchallenges.org; general enquiry form at gatesfoundation.org/about/contact/write-to-us. RED FLAGS: does not accept unsolicited proposals; rarely grants to individuals; most grants to US 501(c)(3) or equivalent; time-limited (closes 2045). EMAIL RESEARCHED, NONE PUBLISHED: only a media inbox exists and it is Cloudflare-obfuscated.

Omidyar Network is a venture capital that makes equity investments in early-stage enterprises and provides grants to non-profits in the areas of digital identity, education, emerging tech, financial inclusion, governance & citizen engagement and property rights. The firm was established in 2004 and is based in Redwood City, California.